4Game

https://i.imgur.com/4zVoehA.png

In this chart I've added what I see as the most common and useable ammo types which go for penetration of armor rather than leg meta. While NFAM's effectiveness chart is pretty good, I think knowing the first shot pen% is pretty valuable in itself, as is having a shortlist of values so that you can quickly see the difference vs other types.

Some quick examples:
M80 vs M62, while we have only +3 pen with M62, we get a more than doubled chance of going through class 5 armor on the first shot.

7.62BP, being able to go through class 5 armor more likely than not with the first shot, while not having any compromises with regard to damage, availability, price and so on, it's easy to see why everyone runs with this round.

M855A1, this is the nearest competitor to 7.62BP, as it has 'similar' chance to penetrate class 5 on the first hit, but M4s and M416s with their high RoF does a lot to close this gap, while still not compromising too badly on damage.

5.45, easy to see why this calibre drops off as the wipe progresses. BT is the last round that can reliably headshot vs class 4 helmets outside of point-blank ranges (due to damage drop-off) while the higher pen ammos of BS and Igolnik have poor damage while also adding recoil penalties which reduce the 5.45s' recoil advantage over 7.62BP by quite a degree. On top of all this, all of the guns which use this have 600 to 650 RoF.

Anyway, just something I made in the course of working on other ~Tarkov science~ stuff, so let me know if you'd like a different kind of analysis or comparision.