I don't know how prevalent this is, but I did see at least one ticket on the issue tracker for this. So the game just stole one of my power regulators. I took a mission to clear out scavengers from settlement. I do that, then power the settlement up using one of my own power regulators. (One I spent quite some time getting since stealing them from settlements seems to be the only "good" way of getting one) I sweep the settlement and when done I eject my power regulator. Once the housing is open and my regulator is sitting there, the prompt saying "take" shows but there's no button image. (Using xbox controller, usually shows the blue X button to grab) No matter what I tried I couldn't pick it up. Idk if there's a "fix" for this but I just don't have time for all that and am quite fed up with the bugs and jankyness so I just abandoned it there.
tl:dr Using your own power regulator to power up settlements may cause them to bug out and become irretrievable.
Source: https://www.reddit.com/r/EliteDangerous/comments/ofsx5q/warning_dont_lose_your_power_regulator/